Remittances: Getting digital-ready for post-pandemic recovery
The world bank has predicted that remittances are set to decline by 20% as a direct result of the pandemic, marking the sharpest decline in recent history. This is understandable on a surface level, of course, as remittance payments are most commonly sent between families and friends, and in the current climate, for migrant workers particularly, the pandemic has caused a dramatic fall in wages and employment.
However, the remittance sector is nothing if not resilient and for some, the pandemic has proven to be something of a catalyst for a sea of change that’s been simmering just under the surface for years now. Could COVID-19 be the final push the sector needs to jump off the digital cliff edge once and for all? With ‘Neobanks’ like Monzo, Starling and Revolut paving the way, the waters are not quite as untested as you might think.
Of course, our industry has various supply chain members, all of which will have a different opinion and angle on the story. As a leading technology vendor, we reached out to an aggregator (Sidharth Gautam from AZA Finance), a payment processor (David Lambert from Transact 365), an ID verification provider (Richard Spink from GBG) and a Money Transfer Operator, (Nadeem Quershi from USI Money), to ask them how they were preparing for a digital post-pandemic recovery and where they see the biggest innovations happening moving forward.
How do you see the future of the payments industry evolving?
Nadeem
The COVID crisis has had a profound impact on the escalation of digitisation in the payment industry. Our previous primary method of processing payments was rather manual, but in the wake of social distancing, we’ve been forced into ensuring our processes are more digitised. I think that’s going to have a major short and long term impact with digitisation continuing to escalate at a rapid pace.
Richard
It’s always going to be down to what the individual MTO wants to achieve when they run a compliance process. There’s a difference between just running a process and being compliant and our experience is that some businesses will want to take that seriously and others will want to just pay lip service to it. There are two reasons for that – one is that there’s a cost to being compliant and the other is that there’s a proliferation of vendors out there now. When I started in the UK 10 years ago there were perhaps 10 vendors. Now there are around 50 money transfer operators in the UK alone and hundreds globally.
How do you see the digital channel fees changing for MTOs as the channels shift from agents to a heavier reliance on digital channels?
David
The fees themselves always come down as volume goes up. When you’re talking about lower risk payment processing the margins are always going to be razor-thin. Already today I’m seeing fees online that are almost rock bottom and it’s only going to get slower. Then there’s the prospect of open banking which is going to blow everything open and remove the baseline costs even further. Ultimately it’s a competitive and a healthy environment and the fees are going to be falling but we are in this to help each other and make money. So while the fees might be coming down, we should always keep our shared end goals in mind.
Sidharth
70% of the remittance market today is cash-based but the tide is shifting and as it does the fees are going to go down. We’re already seeing it move southwards and as the 30% increases and the 70% reduces it’s going to exacerbate that reduction exponentially.
Richard
Prices will go down, of course. But they’re not going to suddenly plummet. There is a point at which we won’t go below (that rock-bottom David referred to) then there’s the cost of going digital that smaller MTOs have to consider. The price point will come down over time but then the technology you choose to invoke will change over time too.
The other thing that’s happening at the same time is that businesses are talking about digital ID. So the technologies to digitise identities is already there but the confidence to accept it probably isn’t just yet. In the next 12 months if you’re looking at how to make your process complaint online you have plenty of choices and the decision needs to be whether you’re looking for a quick fix or a process that’s scalable in the long term?
How does risk play into digitising money transfer?
Nadeem
The real question is do MTOs assume more risk online than in the traditional model? I believe that they don’t. We’re living in an age where digital risks have been largely mitigated by the complexity of new digital IDs. So I honestly don’t see it as any riskier than the traditional model of somebody visiting a brick and mortar location and presenting a physical ID. We have automated lists with regards to sanctions and screening so can build watertight systems to manage risks that are arguably just as proficient as the traditional model.
David
I partially agree with Nadeem. However, I’d argue that the moment you remove the cardholder from the equation in a physical capacity, the risk naturally increases. We can never be 100% sure on the surface if the cardholder who is making the transaction is the actual cardholder. Not if we can’t physically see them.
Where Nadeem is correct is in the responsibility of technology in ensuring those risks are reduced. If the tech is implemented correctly and the right controls are in place then there is going to be less risk. But fraudsters are very smart and they’re always getting smarter. I’ve worked in money transfer for a decade now and have seen so many different ways that fraudsters can behave – loopholes and tricks that technology can struggle to keep up with. The risks are manageable if you do it correctly but if you get it wrong then the risks can be ten times higher.
Sidharth
My response would be somewhere in between Nadeem and David’s. Our business is focused primarily on Africa and in that region, we’re seeing a lot of digital MTOs joining our platform, more and more every day. AI will definitely play a part in mitigating the risk but the risk is always going to be there. The question is how fast the technology can improve.
Richard
As soon as you’re online you’re introducing more risks, but the technology is there to mitigate the risk. As a rule of thumb, If it looks dodgy then it probably is. As long as you run a verifiable process online to mitigate those risks then it’s worth any cost. All online businesses must accept that fraud is part and parcel of the deal. As long as you accept that, go into it with your eyes open and put the right amount of resources behind it then it’s always going to be worth the risk.
Does the digital model present more opportunity for MTOs or are we operating in a saturated market?
Nadeem
The amount of MTOs that have gone digital in the last 9 months is probably more than in the last 9 years and COVID has played a major role in that. A lot of these conversions are not new entrants into the market but are existing MTOs that has been operating more traditionally and have been forced into the digital model.
David
There’s always an opportunity to be found in chaos. Throughout history, hundreds of companies have been forged in times of crisis. Disney was formed out of the 1929 depression, Microsoft came out of a major recession in the 70s and in 2008 it’s the banking crisis that kicked off Bitcoin and Fintech. The way that compliance has moved forward so fast in recent months has really spawned a rise in applications for electronic money licenses.
The implications of that are massive and have led to an environment where everybody wants to be a digital bank. It’s like when the Beatles came along and everybody wanted to be in a rock band. Now, thanks to the Monzos and Revoluts of the world, everybody wants to be involved in Fintech. This is perhaps why, now that we’re all in crisis mode, that so many MTOs are looking to upgrade their money licenses so they can perform different functions and expand into something more.
Sidharth
Asia and Africa are frontier emerging economies. Whilst the vaccine will be a reality in the western world it’s going to take a lot longer to filter into the emerging markets. Given that they are the primary markets for our industry it’s even more apparent that digital is the way to go. Because whilst the western world might be able to return to some semblance of normality sooner rather than later, the emerging markets that rely on remittance are still going to need to rely solely on digital.
Richard
In theory, as long as a financial service business has a steady platform, they can drive the business in any way they want. I think the difference is whether your focus is on driving transactions or taking the bolder step of becoming a fully regulated business. Revolut is a good example of a business that has spent all of its time and effort acquiring customers and are now embarking on the hard bit of actually becoming a proper bank.
I think that everyone would like to see an organisation do that successfully – pivot from a business that has a large number of customers into one that actually makes money from lending money. There’s an opportunity there to scale a business from an MTO into something that provides other financial services too.
Are we seeing MTOs evolve into these Neobanks or are we saying that the pie is quite big and each will have its own role within that pie?
Nadeem
We are seeing the more established MTOs move from conventional standard payments into things like e-money wallets and they are using this type of functionality as part of their wider growth plans. But generally, I think we will be seeing some form of consolidation amongst the larger MTOs. In the larger sense, the more established players have access to more resources so they will be the ones that will be moving forward.
David
Sometimes I feel like an outsider and sometimes it’s good to have that perspective where I’m not immersed deeply inside the money transfer sector. But I advise, consult and work with several different money transfer companies. One of the things that’s interesting that I see from my perspective is that everybody has their strengths and their positions within the market. If you look at companies like Small World, for example, they work with so many smaller MTOs to provide payouts and if you look at Azimo they rely on a number of different partners to help them get into certain parts of the world.
No one can do everything by themselves as one complete unit. So consolidation and licensing are interesting for me because every single MTO out there is trying to do something relatively unique. One company might be stronger in one area than another and by working together they can offer something more holistic and of greater quality overall. So I think consolidation should 100% be on the roadmap for everyone. My only fear about consolidation is that it actually shrinks the competitive element of any industry but I think that’s a little further down the line.
Sidharth
It’s already happening. Around two and a half months back WorldRemit acquired Sendwave for $500 million. This was a growth acquisition and it’s one of many floating around right now. There is also word on the grapevine that Western Union may buy Moneygram, which is one of the top three MTOs in the world.
David
Sidharth said something interesting about acquisition for growth rather than acquisition for revenue and I have seen that a lot in the payments industry. There is a huge amount of consolidation of payment service providers buying other payment service providers simply to grow because growth is so essential for a lot of MTOs, especially when we’re operating on such thin margins.
With all this technology at our disposal, why are we still having an issue with de-risking?
Richard
Since I started talking to MTOs in 2012, I’ll be honest, it’s not got any easier. The first question I ask people as a qualifying question is ‘have you got a bank account’. If they haven’t got a bank account then they’re wasting my time because I know they won’t be using our software until they get that bank account.
The big banks just won’t take the risk. It’s too much hassle and that’s a business banking problem anyway. They could easily take the risk if they choose to, it’s whether they have the resources to be able to deliver that and that’s where you’ve got the disruption coming. Can smaller banks take on that risk? Because in another sense they have less risk in it potentially going wrong.
Nadeem
De-risking has been going on for a number of years but at the end of the day, from a bank’s perspective, it comes down to purely to risk versus reward. For this reason, I don’t think you’re going to see a change in banks attitudes or habits when it comes to de-risking. David also correctly mentioned the rise of the Neobanks and some of these smaller challenger banks but they come with their own set of limitations.
What about regulators? Should the onus be on them to make sure that this continues to be a vibrant and healthy 600 billion dollar industry?
Nadeem
Regulators are there to create a framework, structure, processes and regulations. When it comes to safeguarding good practices, regulators are increasing some of these rules and regulations but can they force banks to actually support clients? I don’t think that’s their objective or their remit.
David
I don’t think it’s in the regulators best interests to push the banks, I think when a company becomes FCA regulated it has to be independent of the banks in some respect. Because, if the FCA and banks were in cahoots with each other it would be it much easier to operate but you’d also leave yourself much more open to fraud. If the two remain independent and they are independently scrutinised you have a sort of double lock system.
Sidharth
Regulators are becoming more and more progressive enablers to our industry. At least in my experience. In the UK and Europe, we have the example of open banking which is fuelling innovation and is also making the industry more compliant. All the stakeholders are becoming more and more transparent and it is helping to increase the credibility of the segments.
Africa and Asia are still very very fragmented. 54 countries with 54 different regulations. So they have a lot of catching up to do but then you can clearly see in Kenya, Uganda and Nigeria that things are moving at a very fast pace and regulators are moving likewise.
Finally, where do you think the biggest innovations will be moving forward?
David
A lot of innovation is happening right at our doorstep in the Fintech space. Payments is an ever-evolving industry. Every single day there’s a new payment method, a new way of doing things or a new market that can be exploited. Once blockchain technology has crossed over into the mainstream and people realise they can effectively move money as fast as they can send an email, that’s going to be the big breakthrough, that’s the innovation.
Nadeem
There is excitement around blockchain, digitisation of tokens and the ability to make payments instantaneously, of course. But there’s also innovation around digitised prints in terms of digital KYC and simplifying processes for consumers. I think simplification is going to be a key in terms of ensuring not only that funds are instantaneous but that the customer relationship does not simply finish at the point of collection or deposit.
Our thanks to David, Richard, Nadeem and Sidharth for their words and their time.
For more information or to speak to one of our experts please email marketing@remitone.com
AI: Empowering Fintech and Money Transfer Firms
From its humble start in the 1950s to the extensive uses now frequently seen across all industries, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has very clearly grown into one of the most innovative and game-changing technologies. It’s becoming increasingly evident that the role of AI, especially within financial services and the digital realm of remittances, has become crucial for providing improved services. Even over the last decade, AI has continued to evolve, reducing and even eliminating manual processes for the financial services sectors.
Machine Learning and Security
Enabled by predictive power, pattern recognition and enhanced communication functionality, AI is proving it has the potential to boost financial services and transform the way these services are delivered to customers. AI could empower Fintech firms to have more informed and bespoke products and services, internal process efficiencies, enhanced cyber-security and reduced risk.
For example, in the payments industry, AI is currently being used for sanctions screening and fraud prevention – a process underpinning money transfer organisations. Until recently, many organisations screened for sanctions by checking data stored in mass databases. Although this technique is routinely used by most financial services firms, in recent years we’ve seen that AI can be applied to this activity as well as other fraud prevention processes. Learning through experience, the AI technology can begin to better understand the backend data in order to search more quickly and efficiently, ultimately resulting in fewer false positive results.
The Future of AI: Improved End-User Experience
In the next few years, we predict that the financial services industry will certainly begin to see an increased use of AI surrounding security and compliance, as well as other backend processes. However, it is also becoming more evident that money transfer operators (MTOs) could soon be incorporating AI on their frontend applications (mobile apps and online portals) to enhance customer experience.
For example, we’ve already begun to see instances of machine-learning powered ‘chatbots’ offering 24/7 support and guidance to MTO customers. Using natural language processing, these chatbots – amongst other AI-driven voice-based services – will be able to understand queries and provide solutions, enhancing the overall end-user experience.
In addition to this, a less obvious area for AI use we could be seeing in the near future is for managing the rates and fees charged to remittance customers or end-users. By applying machine learning, MTOs could begin to make predictions based on a variety of factors (including existing data, patterns and even seasonal changes) in order to help customers set their rates and charges more effectively.
Where Will AI Go Now?
It’s clear to see that AI and machine learning are beginning to drive a wide range of processes, both within the digital remittance realm and beyond. The outcome of this increase in automation is the opportunity for many companies to work more precisely and efficiently than ever before.
As a result, we can confidently predict that the financial services industry will be seeing a lot more of AI driven technologies. But what would you like to see from the remittance industry going forward?
If you’d like more information about the power of AI within Fintech or would like to engage in a discussion about the future of machine learning, please get in touch at marketing@remitone.com
R1 Webinar: The Future of Remittances
Video: Remittances from the Gulf – The Impact of Covid-19 and Trends for 2021
During IMTC World 2020, RemitONE’s CMO, Aamer Abedi, moderated an engaging panel discussion on Remittances from the Gulf – The Impact of COVID and trends for 2021. During the panel he asked industry experts from the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan; how the market has been impacted; has COVID accelerated a digital transformation; and what’s the landscape for competition in your region.
Watch the full discussion here or read the highlights below:
How has your region been affected?
Osama Al Rahma, Advisor at Al Fardan Exchange and Vice Chairman of the Foreign Exchange & Remittance Group in UAE, commented that in the UAE there has been an unprecedented lockdown and control of the mobility of people has been restricted. He adds that it is unique that the workforce in the UAE is 90% ex-pats from over 200 nationalities and all are under the wage protection system. In terms of remittances, the service continued during the lockdown, the government recognised receiving countries are in severe need for the service and it’s thanks to authorities that permission could continue.
Khalid Al Zain, Head of Business Development at Bank Albilad in Saudi Arabia, commented that the Saudi Arabian Government has been investing in the private sector to keep their staff employed. He adds, there have been measures from the regulators including social distancing. Khalid notices that there is an impact but it’s not too much. Due to the support from the government and measures taken, such as social distancing, hygiene and increased security. He adds that despite COVID the number of employees is increasing and the workforce is in a good shape in Saudi Arabia.
How has the market been impacted?
Faisal Rashid is Head of Financial Institutions, International Banking & Home Remittance Business at Bank Alfalah in Pakistan, he explains that as Pakistan is predominantly a receiving country you would expect the country to be impacted significantly by COVID. However, he has found that from the GCC, where Pakistan receives its bulk of transactions, remittances have grown by 25%. He adds this is driven primarily by a 66% increase from Saudi Arabia and a 17% increase from the UAE. He believes this increase is due to the strength of partners in those regions moving from agent to digital channels. He also mentions that the receiving side in Pakistan has struggled to convert to digital pay-out due to the lack of infrastructure and the digital ecosystem.
Osama explains that in the UAE there have been declines in remittances, Egypt by 8%, India by 17% and the Philippines by 24%. However, they have seen growth in Pakistan by 11.5%. He believes this increase is due to transactions going through unofficial channels now moving to official channels. It could be argued that this is one of the positives coming out of the pandemic.
Khalid adds in Saudi Arabia they saw a decline in remittances during the initial phase of the pandemic, however, this has since changed and overall, they have witnessed growth in remittance by 8%. He also explains that customers are moving to digital channels rather than using traditional methods.
Has COVID accelerated a digital transformation?
Faisal comments that Pakistan is a young population who understands modern digital communication tools, however, only one-third of the total population is using smartphones causing a barrier to moving online. He adds that basic smartphones are now becoming available which is what Pakistan needs to create an ecosystem to make it easier to move money around. The graduation of moving to digital channels has started, all banks are working on their digital offering and we will see a large shift in the coming years with COVID hastening the transformation.
Osama agrees that COVID has accelerated the digital transformation of remittances in the UAE, but mentions that the Government of the UAE created a strategic initiative for digital transformation before COVID, which included strategy around infrastructure, policies, regulation and cybersecurity. This initiative includes the ‘UAE Pass’ which provides UAE citizens with full digital identity. These initiatives coupled with 80% of the population using smartphones, have provided the UAE with a seamless transition to moving online. Osama notices that the technology, infrastructure, and cybersecurity are all available in the country, which enhances the customers’ experience on the digital level.
Khalid has found that the migration of customers to digital is going excellently in Saudi Arabia and he notices a spike in migration of customers to digital. He explains that all citizens in Saudi Arabia are required to provide a fingerprint for their ID card and data has been stored in the mainframe. The private and government sectors can liberate from this data which has allowed Khalid and his team to introduce E-KYC seamlessly. Khalid notices that lots of customers are moving from traditional methods to digital.
What’s the landscape for competition in your region?
Khaled comments that Saudi Arabia wants to be a cashless society by 2030. He adds there are lots of strategies and initiatives in place, organised by the Saudi Arabian regulators, to open the market and invite many players to come. He believes that by increasing competition in the market, services will improve and it’s not just about one bank, there are lots of players in the market.
Similarly, Osama explains, in the UAE we have regulatory bodies such as Abu Dhabi Global Markets (ADGM) they have their regulations and initiatives for start-ups to support, facilitate and encourage fintech companies. The UAE also have Hub 71, which is a body to support start-ups, that have a payment lab to support innovation and testing. He adds, In Dubai, we have the Fintech Hive and the Dubai Economic Develop Department, where Pay Engage is the latest initiative. He explains that initiatives are being set up to allow for more innovation and similarly to Saudi Arabia, to move towards a cashless society. He concludes, there are strategies and clear milestones in place, with all stakeholders involved including federal and local government. There is a shift and it’s happening very quickly which is encouraging many companies to move their businesses to the UAE because they can benefit from the infrastructure.
Conclusion – COVID-19: An agent of change
The pervasive atmosphere in the sector appears to be one of defiant optimism in the face of some pretty sobering stats. The vast majority of the challenges posed by the pandemic, however, are either short-term by nature or have, in some of the cases outlined above, already been overcome.
Remittance will always represent a lifeline for developing countries and as technology adoption continues to penetrate every part of the globe, digital transformation is something that can’t be ignored any longer. Nobody is going to remember coronavirus as a ‘good thing’ but it could at least be recognised as an agent of change and change is often necessary, even if it feels a little intimidating at the time.
For more information or to speak to one of our experts please email marketing@remitone.com
Has COVID catalysed the digital transformation of the remittance industry?
COVID-19 has fundamentally changed a lot this year. In the case of the money transfer industry, the immediate impact has not been a positive one. The World Bank has predicted that global remittances are set to decline by 20% as a direct result of the pandemic. Something needs to be done and it’s the young and nimble money transfer operators (MTOs) that are best equipped to create a new digital path in a world where physical contact is restricted.
The evidence of digital transformation
Digital transformation has been slowly changing the remittance sector for decades now and COVID has hastened that transformation. The fact is, where digital was once an option it’s now a necessity and that has completely changed the game for all banking sectors.
According to recent RemitONE transaction data trends, there has been a major acceleration of digital channel use during the pandemic. The use of physical agents, meanwhile, is down, which might seem insignificant but points to a drastic overall shift in consumer habit.
Throughout history, it’s the sectors that have been able to adapt to the times that have weathered the storms and retained their relevance. With the recession caused by COVID-19 taking a toll on the ability to send money home and remittance flows projected to decline even further by 14% in 2021, an easier, cheaper remittance solution has never been more vital.
Digital money transfer
Studies have proven that remittance not only helps to alleviate poverty in developing countries but can also lead to an increase in domestic spending. If there’s one thing we need right now it’s for people to be spending more. Digital-first MTOs are the ones ready to offer the most robust and accessible easy-to-use remittance services with fair and reliable exchange rates.
Of course, this is not a change that can happen overnight. Historically speaking, migrant communities would rely on physical money transfer services and these services have, as a result, become pillars of the community. Indeed, it’s estimated that the recipients of many international remittances are unbanked, which might go some way towards explaining why 90% of remittances currently begin and end with cash.
Does this mean it’s up to remittance operators to prove their worth and make themselves more accessible? Because digital operators that use the latest remittance software are not faster and only more affordable due to the obvious lack of overheads but have been proven to be better at evaluating customer experience and security.
Digital acceleration beyond the pandemic
It’s no exaggeration to suggest that COVID-19 changed the world overnight, but the impact on the migrant community has been under-reported. For months now, foreign travel has been almost impossible, which means migrant families have been unable to visit their families. What’s more, the pandemic has amplified the pressures migrants face in striking a balance between supporting themselves and supporting their families back home. For these families, digitally native money transfer operators will play a crucial role in redefining remittance and money transfer for a post-COVID world.
There are several benefits of digital transformation for the remittance sector for both legacy and upstart operators. Through the use of money transfer software on desktop computers and via smartphone apps, it’s never been easier and faster for customers to keep a reliable track of their remittance journey. The pandemic might have offered an opportunity for operators to use this software to foster trust and build new customer bases that keep communities connected and able to hold each other up.
This is proven by the growth of M-Pesa as the predominant payment method in Kenya. This is a digital solution that manifested because a traditional banking ecosystem was simply not accessible for a majority of Kenyans. That digital alternative quickly became the preferred option when users realised how powerful, easy, and convenient it was. Ultimately, it’s a safer, faster, and easier service that should help shoulder some of the stress that migrant families currently find themselves under.
Conclusion
Consumer preference has been shifting away from cash for years now and with many cash-based remittance solutions forced to close due to COVID-19, the future is definitely in digital. What money transfer operators and other fintech organisations need to understand is that this represents an incredible opportunity for them to prove their worth.
Borders might be closed but migrant workers still depend on remittance and if they’re going to make that switch from their old inflexible and outdated conventional means to more accessible solutions, they might need a bit of a gentle push.
To discuss your online offering with our team of experts please contact marketing@remitone.com
RemitONE can help you get your MSB License
One of the core strengths of RemitONE is helping companies in getting their MSB license. We can assist with obtaining a Money Service Business (MSB) license with your regulator.
If you are based in the UK, we can help you apply for all types of MSB licenses such as Small Payment Institution (SPI), Authorised Payment Institution (API), Small E-Money Institution (SEMI) and Authorised E-Money Institution (AEMI).
We have a proven track record, 98.2% of our clients get their MSB license!
If you are struggling to get your license, or would like to know how we can assist you in getting your license, contact us at info@remitone.com for more information.